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Spelling Rules
There are few Spelling Rules which should be followed in the formation of words.
Final a consonant:
1. For the one-syllable words ending in single vowel + single consonant, double the consonant before a suffix beginning with vowel.
Examples:
beg + ed = begged
run + ed =running
rob + er = robber
sad + est =saddest
but
wish + ed = wished (two consonants)
fear + ing = fearing ( two vowels)
2. For the words of two or three syllables ending in single vowel + single consonant, double the final consonant if the last
syllable is stressed.
Examples:
Begin + ing =beginning
Permit +ed =permitted
Occur +ed =occurred
Control + er =controller
There are more Spelling Rules that follow.
3. The consonant is not doubled if the last syllable is not stressed.
Examples:
Benefit +ed = benefited
Suffer + ing =suffering
Exceptions:
Worship +ed =worshipped
Handicap +ed =handicapped
Kidnap +er =kidnapper
4. The consonant l is doubled, even if the stress does not fall on the last syllable.
Examples:
Quarrel + ed =quarreled
Signal + ing = signalling
Travel + er =traveller
Distil + er =distiller
5. If the word to which suffix ful is added ends inll, the second l is dropped.
Examples:
Skill + ful =skilful
Will + full =willful
There are more Spelling Rules that follow.
6. For words ending in silent e, drop the e before a suffix beginning with a vowel.
Examples:
Live + ing =living
Move + ing =moving
Drive + ing =driving
Hope + ing =hoping
NOTE:
The e remains before a suffix beginning with a consonant.
Examples:
Hope + ful =hopeful
Engage +ment =engagement
Exceptions:
True + ly +truly
Whole +ly =wholly
Due + ly = duly
Nine + th =ninth
Awe + ful =awful
Argue +ment =argument
7. Notice the special case of words ending in ce and ge which keep the e when adding able and ous.
Examples:
Notice +able =noticeable
Peace +able =peaceful
Change +able =changeable
Courage + ous =courageous
8. Words ending in ee do not drop an e before a suffix.
Examples:
See + ing =seeing
Agree + ment =agreement
9. Words ending in ie change the ie to y when ing is added.
Examples:
Die + ing =dying
Tie + ing =tying
Lie + ing =lying
There are more Spelling Rules that follow.
10. A final y following a consonant changes to i before a suffix except ing.
Examples:
Happy + ly = happily
Beauty + ful =beautiful
Carry + ed = carried
Marry + ed =married
Marry +age =marriage
Carry +ing =carrying
Marry +ing =marrying
NOTE:
But, y following a vowel does not change.
Pray + ed =prayed
Play +er =player
Exceptions:
Pay +ed =paid
Say +ed =said
Lay + ed =laid
Day + ly =daily
Gay +ly =gaily
11. When ie or ei is pronounced like ee in jeep, i comes before e except after c.
Examples:
Believe
Relieve
Achieve
Grieve
Yield
Field
Receive
Receipt
Deceive
Deceit
Conceive
Conceit
Exceptions:
Seize
Weird
Protein
Surfeit
Counterfeit
Plebeian
These are the Spelling Rules which determine the formation of words of different kinds.
Go to the Advanced English Index to continue
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